Neo4j APOC Docs Docs
Docs
Neo4j DBMS
  • Getting Started
  • Operations
  • Migration and Upgrade
  • Status Codes
  • Java Reference
  • Kerberos Add-on
Neo4j Aura
  • Neo4j Aura
  • Neo4j AuraDB
  • Neo4j AuraDS
Neo4j Tools
  • Neo4j Bloom
  • Neo4j Browser
  • Neo4j Data Importer
  • Neo4j Desktop
  • Neo4j Ops Manager
  • Neodash commercial
Neo4j Graph Data Science
  • Neo4j Graph Data Science Library
  • Neo4j Graph Data Science Client
Cypher Query Language
  • Cypher
  • Cypher Cheat Sheet
  • APOC Library
Generative AI
  • Neo4j GraphRAG for Python
  • Embeddings and vector indexes tutorial
  • GenAI integrations
  • Vector search indexes
  • Vector search functions
  • GraphQL vector index search documentation
Create applications
  • Python Driver
  • Go Driver
  • Java Driver
  • JDBC Driver
  • JavaScript Driver
  • .Net Driver
  • Neo4j GraphQL Library
  • Neo4j Visualization Library
  • OGM Library
  • Spring Data Neo4j
  • HTTP API
  • Neo4j Query API
  • Bolt
Connect data sources
  • Neo4j Connector for Apache Spark
  • Neo4j Connector for Apache Kafka
  • Change Data Capture (CDC)
  • BigQuery to Neo4j
  • Google Cloud to Neo4j
Labs
GenAI Ecosystem
  • LLM Knowledge Graph Builder
  • Vector Index & Search
  • LangChain
  • LangChain.js
  • LlamaIndex
  • Haystack
  • DSPy
Developer Tools
  • APOC Extended
  • Aura CLI
  • arrows.app
  • Cypher Workbench
  • ETL Tool
  • NeoDash
Frameworks & Integrations
  • Needle Starter Kit
  • Neo4j Plugin for Liquibase
  • Neo4j Migrations
  • neomodel
RDF & Linked Data
  • Neosemantics (Java)
  • RDFLib-Neo4j (Python)
Get Help
Community Forum
Discord Chat
Product Support
Neo4j Developer Blog
Neo4j Videos
GraphAcademy
Beginners Courses
  • Neo4j Fundamentals
  • Cypher Fundamentals
  • Importing Data Fundamentals
  • Importing CSV Data
  • Graph Data Modeling
Data Scientist Courses
  • Into to Graph Data Science
  • Graph Data Science Fundamentals
  • Path Finding
Generative AI Courses
  • Neo4j & LLM Fundamentals
  • Vector Indexes & Unstructured Data
  • Build a Chatbot with Python
  • Build a Chatbot with TypeScript
Neo4j Certification
  • Neo4j Certified Professional
  • Neo4j Graph Data Science Certification
Get Started Free
Search
Skip to content
APOC Core Documentation
    • Overview
    • Introduction
    • Installation
      • APOC
      • Neo4j Desktop
      • Neo4j Server
      • Docker
      • Load and Unrestrict
      • Additional Dependencies
    • APOC and Cypher versions
    • Configuration Options
    • Security Guidelines
    • Built-in Help
    • Procedures & Functions
      • apoc
        • apoc.case
        • apoc.help
        • apoc.when
        • apoc.version
      • apoc.agg
        • apoc.agg.first
        • apoc.agg.graph
        • apoc.agg.last
        • apoc.agg.maxItems
        • apoc.agg.median
        • apoc.agg.minItems
        • apoc.agg.nth
        • apoc.agg.percentiles
        • apoc.agg.product
        • apoc.agg.slice
        • apoc.agg.statistics
      • apoc.algo
        • apoc.algo.aStar
        • apoc.algo.aStarConfig
        • apoc.algo.allSimplePaths
        • apoc.algo.cover
        • apoc.algo.dijkstra
      • apoc.any
        • apoc.any.isDeleted
        • apoc.any.properties
        • apoc.any.property
      • apoc.atomic
        • apoc.atomic.add
        • apoc.atomic.concat
        • apoc.atomic.insert
        • apoc.atomic.remove
        • apoc.atomic.subtract
        • apoc.atomic.update
      • apoc.bitwise
        • apoc.bitwise.op
      • apoc.coll
        • apoc.coll.elements
        • apoc.coll.partition
        • apoc.coll.split
        • apoc.coll.zipToRows
        • apoc.coll.avg
        • apoc.coll.combinations
        • apoc.coll.contains
        • apoc.coll.containsAll
        • apoc.coll.containsAllSorted
        • apoc.coll.containsDuplicates
        • apoc.coll.containsSorted
        • apoc.coll.different
        • apoc.coll.disjunction
        • apoc.coll.dropDuplicateNeighbors
        • apoc.coll.duplicates
        • apoc.coll.duplicatesWithCount
        • apoc.coll.fill
        • apoc.coll.flatten
        • apoc.coll.frequencies
        • apoc.coll.frequenciesAsMap
        • apoc.coll.indexOf
        • apoc.coll.insert
        • apoc.coll.insertAll
        • apoc.coll.intersection
        • apoc.coll.isEqualCollection
        • apoc.coll.max
        • apoc.coll.min
        • apoc.coll.occurrences
        • apoc.coll.pairs
        • apoc.coll.pairsMin
        • apoc.coll.partition
        • apoc.coll.randomItem
        • apoc.coll.randomItems
        • apoc.coll.remove
        • apoc.coll.removeAll
        • apoc.coll.runningTotal
        • apoc.coll.set
        • apoc.coll.shuffle
        • apoc.coll.sort
        • apoc.coll.sortMaps
        • apoc.coll.sortMulti
        • apoc.coll.sortNodes
        • apoc.coll.sortText
        • apoc.coll.pairWithOffset
        • apoc.coll.stdev
        • apoc.coll.subtract
        • apoc.coll.sum
        • apoc.coll.sumLongs
        • apoc.coll.toSet
        • apoc.coll.union
        • apoc.coll.unionAll
        • apoc.coll.zip
      • apoc.convert
        • apoc.convert.setJsonProperty
        • apoc.convert.toTree
        • apoc.convert.fromJsonList
        • apoc.convert.fromJsonMap
        • apoc.convert.getJsonProperty
        • apoc.convert.getJsonPropertyMap
        • apoc.convert.toJson
        • apoc.convert.toList
        • apoc.convert.toMap
        • apoc.convert.toNode
        • apoc.convert.toNodeList
        • apoc.convert.toRelationship
        • apoc.convert.toRelationshipList
        • apoc.convert.toSet
        • apoc.convert.toSortedJsonMap
      • apoc.create
        • apoc.create.addLabels
        • apoc.create.clonePathToVirtual
        • apoc.create.clonePathsToVirtual
        • apoc.create.node
        • apoc.create.nodes
        • apoc.create.relationship
        • apoc.create.removeLabels
        • apoc.create.removeProperties
        • apoc.create.removeRelProperties
        • apoc.create.setLabels
        • apoc.create.setProperties
        • apoc.create.setProperty
        • apoc.create.setRelProperties
        • apoc.create.setRelProperty
        • apoc.create.uuids
        • apoc.create.vNode
        • apoc.create.vNodes
        • apoc.create.vRelationship
        • apoc.create.virtualPath
        • apoc.create.uuid
        • apoc.create.uuidBase64
        • apoc.create.uuidBase64ToHex
        • apoc.create.uuidHexToBase64
        • apoc.create.virtual.fromNode
      • apoc.cypher
        • apoc.cypher.doIt
        • apoc.cypher.run
        • apoc.cypher.runMany
        • apoc.cypher.runManyReadOnly
        • apoc.cypher.runSchema
        • apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed
        • apoc.cypher.runWrite
        • apoc.cypher.runFirstColumnMany
        • apoc.cypher.runFirstColumnSingle
      • apoc.data
        • apoc.data.url
      • apoc.date
        • apoc.date.add
        • apoc.date.convert
        • apoc.date.convertFormat
        • apoc.date.currentTimestamp
        • apoc.date.field
        • apoc.date.fields
        • apoc.date.format
        • apoc.date.fromISO8601
        • apoc.date.parse
        • apoc.date.systemTimezone
        • apoc.date.toISO8601
        • apoc.date.toYears
      • apoc.diff
        • apoc.diff.nodes
      • apoc.do
        • apoc.do.case
        • apoc.do.when
      • apoc.example
        • apoc.example.movies
      • apoc.export
        • apoc.export.arrow.all
        • apoc.export.arrow.graph
        • apoc.export.arrow.query
        • apoc.export.arrow.stream.all
        • apoc.export.arrow.stream.graph
        • apoc.export.arrow.stream.query
        • apoc.export.csv.all
        • apoc.export.csv.data
        • apoc.export.csv.graph
        • apoc.export.csv.query
        • apoc.export.cypher.all
        • apoc.export.cypher.data
        • apoc.export.cypher.graph
        • apoc.export.cypher.query
        • apoc.export.cypher.schema
        • apoc.export.graphml.all
        • apoc.export.graphml.data
        • apoc.export.graphml.graph
        • apoc.export.graphml.query
        • apoc.export.json.all
        • apoc.export.json.data
        • apoc.export.json.graph
        • apoc.export.json.query
        • Compression
      • apoc.graph
        • apoc.graph.from
        • apoc.graph.fromCypher
        • apoc.graph.fromDB
        • apoc.graph.fromData
        • apoc.graph.fromDocument
        • apoc.graph.fromPath
        • apoc.graph.fromPaths
        • apoc.graph.validateDocument
      • apoc.hashing
        • apoc.hashing.fingerprint
        • apoc.hashing.fingerprintGraph
        • apoc.hashing.fingerprinting
      • apoc.import
        • apoc.import.csv
        • apoc.import.graphml
        • apoc.import.json
        • apoc.import.xml
      • apoc.json
        • apoc.json.path
      • apoc.label
        • apoc.label.exists
      • apoc.load
        • apoc.load.arrow
        • apoc.load.arrow.stream
        • apoc.load.json
        • apoc.load.jsonArray
        • apoc.load.jsonParams
        • apoc.load.xml
      • apoc.lock
        • apoc.lock.all
        • apoc.lock.nodes
        • apoc.lock.read.nodes
        • apoc.lock.read.rels
        • apoc.lock.rels
      • apoc.log
        • apoc.log.stream
      • apoc.map
        • apoc.map.clean
        • apoc.map.flatten
        • apoc.map.fromLists
        • apoc.map.fromNodes
        • apoc.map.fromPairs
        • apoc.map.fromValues
        • apoc.map.get
        • apoc.map.groupBy
        • apoc.map.groupByMulti
        • apoc.map.merge
        • apoc.map.mergeList
        • apoc.map.mget
        • apoc.map.removeKey
        • apoc.map.removeKeys
        • apoc.map.setEntry
        • apoc.map.setKey
        • apoc.map.setLists
        • apoc.map.setPairs
        • apoc.map.setValues
        • apoc.map.sortedProperties
        • apoc.map.submap
        • apoc.map.unflatten
        • apoc.map.updateTree
        • apoc.map.values
      • apoc.math
        • apoc.math.regr
        • apoc.math.cosh
        • apoc.math.coth
        • apoc.math.csch
        • apoc.math.maxByte
        • apoc.math.maxDouble
        • apoc.math.maxInt
        • apoc.math.maxLong
        • apoc.math.minByte
        • apoc.math.minDouble
        • apoc.math.minInt
        • apoc.math.minLong
        • apoc.math.sech
        • apoc.math.sigmoid
        • apoc.math.sigmoidPrime
        • apoc.math.sinh
        • apoc.math.tanh
      • apoc.merge
        • apoc.merge.node
        • apoc.merge.node.eager
        • apoc.merge.nodeWithStats
        • apoc.merge.nodeWithStats.eager
        • apoc.merge.relationship
        • apoc.merge.relationship.eager
        • apoc.merge.relationshipWithStats
        • apoc.merge.relationshipWithStats.eager
      • apoc.meta
        • apoc.meta.data
        • apoc.meta.data.of
        • apoc.meta.graph
        • apoc.meta.graph.of
        • apoc.meta.graphSample
        • apoc.meta.nodeTypeProperties
        • apoc.meta.relTypeProperties
        • apoc.meta.schema
        • apoc.meta.stats
        • apoc.meta.subGraph
        • apoc.meta.cypher.isType
        • apoc.meta.cypher.type
        • apoc.meta.cypher.types
        • apoc.meta.nodes.count
      • apoc.neighbors
        • apoc.neighbors.athop
        • apoc.neighbors.athop.count
        • apoc.neighbors.byhop
        • apoc.neighbors.byhop.count
        • apoc.neighbors.tohop
        • apoc.neighbors.tohop.count
      • apoc.node
        • apoc.node.degree
        • apoc.node.degree.in
        • apoc.node.degree.out
        • apoc.node.id
        • apoc.node.labels
        • apoc.node.relationship.exists
        • apoc.node.relationship.types
        • apoc.node.relationships.exist
      • apoc.nodes
        • apoc.nodes.collapse
        • apoc.nodes.cycles
        • apoc.nodes.delete
        • apoc.nodes.get
        • apoc.nodes.group
        • apoc.nodes.link
        • apoc.nodes.rels
        • apoc.nodes.connected
        • apoc.nodes.isDense
        • apoc.nodes.relationship.types
        • apoc.nodes.relationships.exist
      • apoc.number
        • apoc.number.arabicToRoman
        • apoc.number.exact.add
        • apoc.number.exact.div
        • apoc.number.exact.mul
        • apoc.number.exact.sub
        • apoc.number.exact.toExact
        • apoc.number.exact.toFloat
        • apoc.number.exact.toInteger
        • apoc.number.format
        • apoc.number.parseFloat
        • apoc.number.parseInt
        • apoc.number.romanToArabic
      • apoc.path
        • apoc.path.expand
        • apoc.path.expandConfig
        • apoc.path.spanningTree
        • apoc.path.subgraphAll
        • apoc.path.subgraphNodes
        • apoc.path.combine
        • apoc.path.create
        • apoc.path.elements
        • apoc.path.slice
      • apoc.paths
        • apoc.paths.toJsonTree
      • apoc.periodic
        • apoc.periodic.cancel
        • apoc.periodic.commit
        • apoc.periodic.countdown
        • apoc.periodic.iterate
        • apoc.periodic.list
        • apoc.periodic.repeat
        • apoc.periodic.submit
        • apoc.periodic.truncate
      • apoc.refactor
        • apoc.refactor.categorize
        • apoc.refactor.cloneNodes
        • apoc.refactor.cloneSubgraph
        • apoc.refactor.cloneSubgraphFromPaths
        • apoc.refactor.collapseNode
        • apoc.refactor.deleteAndReconnect
        • apoc.refactor.extractNode
        • apoc.refactor.from
        • apoc.refactor.invert
        • apoc.refactor.mergeNodes
        • apoc.refactor.mergeRelationships
        • apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean
        • apoc.refactor.rename.label
        • apoc.refactor.rename.nodeProperty
        • apoc.refactor.rename.type
        • apoc.refactor.rename.typeProperty
        • apoc.refactor.setType
        • apoc.refactor.to
      • apoc.rel
        • apoc.rel.endNode
        • apoc.rel.id
        • apoc.rel.startNode
        • apoc.rel.type
      • apoc.schema
        • apoc.schema.assert
        • apoc.schema.nodes
        • apoc.schema.properties.distinct
        • apoc.schema.properties.distinctCount
        • apoc.schema.relationships
        • apoc.schema.node.constraintExists
        • apoc.schema.node.indexExists
        • apoc.schema.relationship.constraintExists
        • apoc.schema.relationship.indexExists
      • apoc.scoring
        • apoc.scoring.existence
        • apoc.scoring.pareto
      • apoc.search
        • apoc.search.multiSearchReduced
        • apoc.search.node
        • apoc.search.nodeAll
        • apoc.search.nodeAllReduced
        • apoc.search.nodeReduced
      • apoc.spatial
        • apoc.spatial.geocode
        • apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce
        • apoc.spatial.reverseGeocode
        • apoc.spatial.sortByDistance
      • apoc.stats
        • apoc.stats.degrees
      • apoc.temporal
        • apoc.temporal.format
        • apoc.temporal.formatDuration
        • apoc.temporal.toZonedTemporal
      • apoc.text
        • apoc.text.phoneticDelta
        • apoc.text.base64Decode
        • apoc.text.base64Encode
        • apoc.text.base64UrlDecode
        • apoc.text.base64UrlEncode
        • apoc.text.byteCount
        • apoc.text.bytes
        • apoc.text.camelCase
        • apoc.text.capitalize
        • apoc.text.capitalizeAll
        • apoc.text.charAt
        • apoc.text.clean
        • apoc.text.code
        • apoc.text.compareCleaned
        • apoc.text.decapitalize
        • apoc.text.decapitalizeAll
        • apoc.text.distance
        • apoc.text.doubleMetaphone
        • apoc.text.format
        • apoc.text.fuzzyMatch
        • apoc.text.hammingDistance
        • apoc.text.hexCharAt
        • apoc.text.hexValue
        • apoc.text.indexOf
        • apoc.text.indexesOf
        • apoc.text.jaroWinklerDistance
        • apoc.text.join
        • apoc.text.levenshteinDistance
        • apoc.text.levenshteinSimilarity
        • apoc.text.lpad
        • apoc.text.phonetic
        • apoc.text.random
        • apoc.text.regexGroups
        • apoc.text.regexGroupsByName
        • apoc.text.regreplace
        • apoc.text.repeat
        • apoc.text.replace
        • apoc.text.rpad
        • apoc.text.slug
        • apoc.text.snakeCase
        • apoc.text.sorensenDiceSimilarity
        • apoc.text.split
        • apoc.text.swapCase
        • apoc.text.toCypher
        • apoc.text.toUpperCase
        • apoc.text.upperCamelCase
        • apoc.text.urldecode
        • apoc.text.urlencode
      • apoc.trigger
        • apoc.trigger.add
        • apoc.trigger.drop
        • apoc.trigger.dropAll
        • apoc.trigger.install
        • apoc.trigger.list
        • apoc.trigger.pause
        • apoc.trigger.remove
        • apoc.trigger.removeAll
        • apoc.trigger.resume
        • apoc.trigger.show
        • apoc.trigger.start
        • apoc.trigger.stop
      • apoc.util
        • apoc.util.sleep
        • apoc.util.validate
        • apoc.util.compress
        • apoc.util.decompress
        • apoc.util.md5
        • apoc.util.sha1
        • apoc.util.sha256
        • apoc.util.sha384
        • apoc.util.sha512
        • apoc.util.validatePredicate
      • apoc.xml
        • apoc.xml.parse
      • apoc.warmup
        • apoc.warmup.run
    • Import
      • Load Data from Web-APIs
      • Load JSON
      • Import CSV
      • Load XML
      • Import GraphML
    • Export
      • Export data to S3
      • Export to CSV
      • Export to JSON
      • Export to Cypher Script
      • Export to GraphML
    • Graph Refactoring
      • Categorize
      • Clone nodes
      • Clone subgraph
      • Collapse nodes to relationships
      • Extract node from relationships
      • Invert relationships
      • Merge nodes
      • Normalize as boolean
      • Property value to a label
      • Redirect relationships
      • Rename labels, types, and properties
      • Set relationship types
    • Graph updates
      • Creating data
      • Periodic execution
      • Atomic property updates
      • Locks
      • Deleting data
    • Data Structures
      • Text Functions
      • Spatial Procedures
    • Temporal (Date Time)
      • Temporal Functions
      • Date and Time Conversions
    • Mathematical Operations
      • Bitwise Operations
      • Exact Math
      • Mathematical Functions
      • Number Format Conversions
      • Sigmoid & Hyperbolic Operations
    • Advanced Graph Querying
      • Path Expander Overview
      • Expand paths
      • Expand paths with config
      • Expand to nodes in a subgraph
      • Expand to subgraph
      • Expand a spanning tree
      • Neighbor Functions
      • Path Manipulation
      • Relationship Querying
      • Node Querying
      • Parallel Node Search
    • Comparing Graphs
      • Diff
      • Fingerprinting
    • Conditional Cypher Execution
    • Cypher Execution
      • Running Cypher fragments
      • Run multiple statements
    • Virtual Nodes & Relationships (Graph Projections)
      • Virtual Nodes/Rels
      • Collapse Nodes
      • Virtual Graph
      • Graph Grouping
    • Background Operations
      • Background Jobs
      • Triggers
    • Cypher initializer
    • Schema Information
    • List of procedures with its own transaction
    • Additions, deprecations, removals, and compatibility
    • Migration Guide

Is this page helpful?

  • APOC Core Documentation
  • Data Structures

Data Structures

The APOC library provides functions and procedures that extend Cypher’s offering for manipulating data structures.

  • Text Functions

  • Spatial Procedures

Also see apoc.convert, apoc.map and apoc.coll in Procedures & Functions.

Deleting data Text Functions

Learn

  • Sandbox
  • Neo4j Community Site
  • Neo4j Developer Blog
  • Neo4j Videos
  • GraphAcademy
  • Neo4j Labs

Social

  • Twitter
  • Meetups
  • Github
  • Stack Overflow
  • Want to Speak?

Contact Us →

  • US: 1-855-636-4532
  • Sweden +46 171 480 113
  • UK: +44 20 3868 3223
  • France: +33 (0) 1 88 46 13 20

© 2025 Neo4j, Inc.
Terms | Privacy | Sitemap

Neo4j®, Neo Technology®, Cypher®, Neo4j® Bloom™ and Neo4j® Aura™ are registered trademarks of Neo4j, Inc. All other marks are owned by their respective companies.